since its for dummies here is the article (they may not know how to click a link)
No matter how clean you keep it, and no matter what condition the flashings are in, a wood shake or shingled roof usually starts looking a little worn out after a few years. The intense ultraviolet rays of the sun cause the majority of the damage, drying out shingles and causing them to split and literally burning holes in others. The shingles can lose just about all their moisture (water and natural resins) in as little as five years, which can result in cupping, curling, splitting, and an almost certain early demise. However, with proper care and maintenance, you can double or even triple the life of a wood shake or shingle roof.
Want to inspect a roof and don't want to climb up there to do it? Get a good pair of binoculars. Then you can stand back and take a close look! Split shingles, shingles with holes, cupped and curling shingles, and other damaged shingles will be as easy to spot as if you were standing right there next to them.
Super-cleaning to open the pores
The roof preservation process begins with a very thorough super-cleaning that exposes all the pores of the wood. With the pores exposed, the preservative can easily penetrate deeply and completely. This super-cleaning also cuts through the grime and makes your wood shake or shingled roof look almost as good as new.
Use a pressure washer for super-cleaning a roof. This small device converts water supplied from a garden hose to a high-pressure mix of forced air and water. This mixture comes through the hose with enough force to cut through soft wood. Talk about eliminating elbow grease! You can get a power washer from a tool rental place — and some paint stores — for $50 to $75 a day.
When using a pressure washer, hold the spray tip approximately 8 to 12 inches from the roof's surface while working backward from the lowest part of the roof up to the highest part.
Don't stand on a wood shake or shingle roof. The projects in this section should only be done from a roof ladder.
Paying special attention when mold exists
When mold is present, follow pressure washing with an application of mold-killing bleach (1 quart bleach to 1 gallon hot water) to eliminate any remaining spores that reside deep within the pores of the wood.
Place the mixture in a garden sprayer and thoroughly wet the entire roof. Keep it wet for at least 15 minutes and then rinse with fresh water. It's important to perform this process after pressure washing — after thorough cleaning has opened the pores of the wood.
Replacing damaged shingles
After super-cleaning the wood roof, wait until it dries, and then follow these steps to replace any damaged shingles (see Figure 1):
1. With the blade of a hacksaw, cut the nails anchoring a damaged shingle and carefully slip it out.
Attempting to pry nails loose or pull a shingle out may damage surrounding shingles and make it more difficult to install the new one. Sometimes, you may have to split the shingle into numerous pieces to get it out.
2. Use the shingle you just removed as a pattern to custom-cut a replacement.
3. Slip the new shingle up and under the building paper until the butt end (the fat end) is within 1 inch of the adjacent ends.
4. Toenail (nail at an angle) two barbed roofing nails as high up as possible without damaging the butt end of the overlapping shingle.
5. Finish the repair by placing a woodblock against the butt end of the new shingle and striking the block firmly with a hammer. Drive the shingle until it aligns with the surrounding shingles.
This process conceals the new nails, providing a more watertight installation.
Figure 1: Replacing a wood shingle.
Applying the preservative
The preservative restores the natural oils to the wood fibers, safeguards the roof from fungus and rot, and protects the roof from the harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun. You see both oil-based and water-based preservatives. We prefer the oil-based type because it penetrates deeper, combats weather stress better, and lasts longer.
Non-pigmented preservatives can have pigments added to improve ultraviolet protection. The pigment actually masks the sun's ultraviolet rays, preventing them from damaging the wood. The pigment also blends together, into one color, the older shingles and the new ones that you used to make patches.
Although you can apply preservative with a garden-type pump sprayer, you can do it more professionally and in less time by using an airless paint sprayer. You can rent one for about the same cost as a pressure washer. The process is simple: Just spray the oil onto the roof. When the surface becomes shiny, stop spraying in that area and move on.
Apply preservative when no breeze is blowing, ensuring that the majority of the product ends up on the roof and not on the neighbors' new car. Work backward from the low end to the high side, being careful not to walk on an already treated area, which may be slippery.
Most preservative applications last three to five years, depending on the climate. Keeping the roof clean and free of debris helps extend the lasting quality of the preservative and therefore the life of the roof.