Chemical Identification and Use for Sodium hydroxide
:Sodium hydroxide
CAS Number:1310-73-2
U.S. EPA PC Code:075603
CA DPR Chem Code:362
Molecular Weight:40
Molecular Structure:
Use Type:
Fungicide ,
Herbicide ,
Microbiocide ,
pH Adjustment Chem Class:
Inorganic View Related Chemicals
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Use Type [/FONT][FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]
Description[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Adjuvant[/FONT]
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Used in pesticide products to increase the effectiveness of the active ingredients, make the product easier to apply, or to allow several active ingredients to mix in one solution. Solvents, emulsifiers, and spreaders fall in this category.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Algaecide[/FONT]
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Kills algae.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Antifoulant[/FONT]
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Used in paints and other coatings to inhibit growth of algae, barnacles and other shellfish on the hulls of ships.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Avicide[/FONT]
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Kills birds.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Bait[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Substance used to attract pests, including sugar, honey, meat, oatmeal, etc.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Bear repellent[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Repels bears. [/FONT][FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]
, usually by producing an offensive odor[/FONT][FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]. [/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Bird Repellent [/FONT]
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Repels birds.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Breakdown product[/FONT]
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The chemical transformation product resulting from metabolism of a pesticide in a biological system or from reaction of a pesticide with oxygen, water, light or other substances in the environment. In the PAN database, known breakdown products are listed as related chemicals for the parent pesticide (see Related Chemicals section at the bottom of the Chemical Infomation page); however, it is important to note that not all pesticide transformation products have been identified. Breakdown products can sometimes be more toxic than the starting pesticide. [/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Defoliant[/FONT]
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Kills leaves on broadleaf plants. Commonly used in cotton production to remove leaves before harvest.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Desiccant[/FONT]
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Used to remove moisture, such as sulfur dioxide used in producing dried fruits.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Dog and Cat Repellent[/FONT]
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Repels dogs and cats, usually by producing an offensive odor.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Dye[/FONT]
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Coloring agent.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Fragrance[/FONT]
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Chemical used to add a particular odor to a pesticide product. Sometimes these fragrances are attractants for insects; other times, they are added to hide an unpleasant chemical odor.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Fumigant[/FONT]
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Exist as gases or produce a gas when they break down in the environment. Fumigants typically kill all living things. Used in agriculture to sterilize soil before planting and to kill pests in stored food or before shipment to other countries. In urban settings, fumigants are used to treat dwellings for termites, ants, and roaches. The target pests for many soil fumigations are nematodes. Most of these pesticides are highly acutely toxic.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Fungicide[/FONT]
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Kills molds, mildews, and other fungi.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Herbicide[/FONT]
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Kills unwanted plants.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Herbicide safener[/FONT]
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Compounds applied prior to the application of an herbicide to increase the tolerance of a specific crop (corn, rice, etc.) to a specific herbicide. Typically used on germinating seeds.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Impurity[/FONT]
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Compounds produced during chemical synthesis that contaminate an active ingredient. Sometimes impurities are more toxic than the active ingredient itself, for example dioxin contaminants in 2,4-D.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Insect growth regulator[/FONT]
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Interferes with normal growth and development of insects, blocking maturation or causing production of sterile offspring. [/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Insect Repellent[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Repels insects such as mosquitoes, black flies, and deer flies.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Insecticide[/FONT]
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Kills insects. As used in the PAN Pesticide Database, the term "insecticide" encompasses miticides, acaracides, and nematicides as well.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Microbiocide[/FONT]
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Kills microbes such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi and used in disinfectant or antibacterial products.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Molluscicide[/FONT]
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Kills snails, slugs, and shellfish.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Nematicide[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Kills nematodes, microscopic soil organisms that can deform roots, limit water uptake, and even kill plants.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]pH adjustment[/FONT]
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An acidic or basic substance used to alter the acidity (pH) of a solution or product.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Pheromone[/FONT]
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Insect sex-attractant hormones used to disrupt mating. These compounds are used in very small quantities and are very selective for a particular insect species.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Piscicide[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Kills fish.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Plant growth regulator[/FONT]
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Blocks or accelerates plant growth.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Propellant[/FONT]
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Gaseous compounds used in spray formulations of pesticides to create an aerosol mist of the pesticide. [/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Pruning Aid[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Used to cover freshly cut surfaces on trees and vines after pruning. Normally a wax or tar-like substance.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Rodenticide[/FONT]
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Kills rodents such as rats, mice and gophers.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Soap/Surfactant[/FONT]
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Compounds that have surfactant or detergent properties. [/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Solvent[/FONT]
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A liquid compound used to dissolve other substances.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Synergist[/FONT]
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A chemical compound that reacts with a pesticide active ingredient to accentuate its pesticidal activity. Often used with pyrethroids.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Water treatment[/FONT]
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Chemicals used for treating water to make it potable. [/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Wood preservative[/FONT]
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Used to prevent wood decay from microbial attack. Most wood preservatives are highly toxic.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Chemical Class[/FONT]
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Description[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]1,3-Indandione[/FONT]
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Rodenticides that act as anticoagulants. High acute toxicity. Indandione structure, with substituents. Representative chemical structure here. [/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]2,6-Dinitroaniline[/FONT]
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Herbicidal compounds containing a dinitroaniline functional group. While these compounds are not acutely toxic to animals, many of them are possible human carcinogens. Representative chemical structure here.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Alkyl phthalate[/FONT]
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Compounds derived from phthalic acid. Used as insecticides and insect repellents, as well as softeners in plastics manufacturing. Some of these compounds are suspected endocrine disruptors. Representative chemical structure here.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Anilide[/FONT]
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Herbicidal compounds with an anilide functional group. These compounds have potential to leach into groundwater. Examples are propanil and flufenacet. Representative chemical structure here.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Azole[/FONT]
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Fungicidal compounds, a few of which are carcinogenic. Representative chemical structures here.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Benzimidazole[/FONT]
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Fungicidal compounds with a benzimidazole group. Benomyl and thiabendazole are examples. Representative chemical structure here.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Benzoic acid[/FONT]
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Compounds with a benzoic acid functional group. Many of these are herbicides. Examples are chloramben and dicamba. Representative chemical structures here.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Benzoyl urea[/FONT]
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Herbicidal compounds with a urea functional group having a benzoyl substituent. Frequently found as groundwater contaminants. Diflubenzuron and Triflumuron are examples. Representative chemical structure here. [/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Bipyridilium[/FONT]
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Herbicides containing two pyridine rings, joined through a C-C bond. Most are acutely toxic to mammals. Paraquat is a bipyridilium compound. Representative chemical structures here.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Bis-Carbamate[/FONT]
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Compounds containing two carbamate moieties. Typically herbicides. Representative chemical structure here.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Botanical[/FONT]
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Pesticides derived from plants. These pesticides are typically a plant's natural defense against insects or fungi. Examples are nicotine and pyrethrins. Some of these compounds are quite toxic.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Carboxamide[/FONT]
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Fungicidal compounds. Carboxin and flutolanil are examples. Representative chemical structure here.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Chelating agent[/FONT]
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A compound that binds tightly to metal ions, generally increasing the water solubility of the ion. Chelation can also reduce the bioavailability of a metal ion by making it less reactive in biological systems. EDTA is the most widely used chelating agent in pesticide formulations.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Chlorinated phenol[/FONT]
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Chlorinated aromatic alcohols typically used as microbiocides, fungicides, algaecides, or wood preservatives. Some of these compounds are carcinogenic and/or extremely toxic. Representative chemical structure here.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Chloroacetanilide[/FONT]
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Herbicidal compounds with a chloroacetanilide functional group. These compounds are frequently found with their breakdown products as contaminants in groundwater. Examples are alachlor and metolachlor. Representative chemical structures here.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Chlorophenoxy acid/ ester[/FONT]
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Herbicidal compounds such as 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T. Many chlorophenoxy compounds are suspected endocrine disruptors. Representative chemical structure here.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Chloropyridinyl [/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Triclopyr and its salts are members of this chemical class of herbicidal compounds.These compounds are commonly used on new-growth forests. Structure of the parent compound
here. [/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Coumarin[/FONT]
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Rodenticides that act as anticoagulants. Cinnamic acid lactone structure. Representative chemical structure here. [/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Cyclohexenone[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]A relatively new class of herbicidal compounds. While most have not been thoroughly evaluated, tralkoxydim has been rated as a Likely carcinogen by the U.S. EPA.
Representative chemical structure here.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Diacylhydrazine[/FONT]
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A relatively new class of insecticide that is persistent in the environment and may pose substantial ecological risks. Methoxyfenozide and tebufenozide are examples. There is some evidence these compounds may be endocrine disruptors. Representative chemical structure here.[/FONT]
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Dicarboximide[/FONT]
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Fungicidal compounds. Vinclozolin and iprodione are examples. Representative chemical structure here.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Dinitrophenol[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Herbicidal and fungicidal compounds. Many are very acutely toxic, as well as being reproductive and developmental toxicants.
Representative chemical structure here.[/FONT]
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Dithiocarbamate[/FONT]
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Typically fungicides with a carbamate structure where sulfurs replace both oxygens in the amide functional group. Examples are maneb, metam sodium, and ziram. These compounds are not cholinesterase inhibitors. Representative chemical structures here.[/FONT]
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Halogenated organic[/FONT]
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A diverse array of compounds composed mainly of carbon, hydrogen, and fluorine, chlorine, and/or bromine. Used as fumigants, fungicides, solvents and propellants.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Imidazolinone[/FONT]
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A relatively new class of herbicidal compounds, with low acute toxicity to animals. Representative chemical structure here.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Inorganic[/FONT]
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Any chemical compound not containing hydrocarbon moieties and not one of the toxic metals. Inorganic compounds of toxic metals--mercury, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, tin, lead, and silver--are listed separately (see below). Examples of inorganics are lime, phosphoric acid, and sulfuryl fluoride.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Inorganic-Arsenic[/FONT]
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Arsenic-containing compounds that do not have arsenic-carbon bonds. These compounds are generally extremely toxic, causing acute toxicity, cancer, and developmental toxicity.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Inorganic-Cadmium[/FONT]
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Cadmium-containing compounds that do not have cadmium-carbon bonds. These compounds are generally extremely toxic, causing acute toxicity, cancer, reproductive and developmental toxicity.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Inorganic-Chromium (VI)[/FONT]
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Chromium-containing compounds that do not have chromium-carbon bonds, where the chromium atom is hexavalent (Cr+6). These compounds are extremely toxic, causing acute poisoning, cancer, reproductive and developmental toxicity.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Inorganic-Lead[/FONT]
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Lead-containing compounds that do not have lead-carbon bonds. These compounds are extremely toxic, causing acute neurotoxicity, cancer, reproductive and developmental toxicity.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Inorganic-Mercury[/FONT]
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Mercury-containing compounds that do not have mercury-carbon bonds. These compounds are generally extremely toxic, causing acute toxicity, cancer, and developmental toxicity.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Inorganic-Silver[/FONT]
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Silver-containing compounds that do not have silver-carbon bonds. Most are used as microbiocides.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Inorganic-Zinc[/FONT]
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Zinc-containing compounds that do not have zinc-carbon bonds. Most are used as microbiocides or fungicides.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Microbial[/FONT]
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Pesticides composed of a particular species of microbe, e.g. Bacillus thuringiensis. Generally, these microbes produce a toxin that is the "active ingredient" that kills a pest. Microbial pesticides are typically very selective, affecting only the target pest.[/FONT]
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N-Methyl carbamate[/FONT]
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Compounds (mostly insecticides) with an N-methyl amide functional group. Most N-methyl carbamates are strong cholinesterase inhibitors which cause neurotoxicity in both insects and humans. N-methyl carbamates are the most acutely toxic of all carbamate pesticides. Representative chemical structure here.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Naphthalene acetic acid [/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Plant growth regulators with low acute toxicity.
Representative chemical structures here.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Oil - essential[/FONT]
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Oils with pesticidal properties extracted from plants. Examples are cinnamon, peppermint, jasmine, and lavender oils. [/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Oil - vegetable[/FONT]
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Oils extracted from plants such as soybeans and corn and used as insecticides. They work by smothering the insects.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Organoarsenic[/FONT]
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Arsenic-containing compounds with an organic moiety bound directly to arsenic. These compounds are generally extremely toxic, with many used as chemical warfare agents.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Organochlorine[/FONT]
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Compounds, mostly insecticides, composed primarily of carbon, hydrogen, and chlorine. Organochlorines are typically very persistent in the environment and are known for bioaccumulating or building up in sediments, plants and animals. Many organochlorines are also suspected endocrine disruptors. Representative chemical structures here.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Organomercury[/FONT]
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Mercury-containing compounds with an organic moiety bound directly to mercury. These compounds are generally extremely toxic, causing acute toxicity, cancer, and developmental toxicity. [/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Organophosphorus[/FONT]
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Compounds, mostly insecticides, that contain a phosphorus atom bound to organic substituents, either alkyl or alkoxy groups. Most organo-phosphorus pesticides are cholinesterase inhibitors which cause neurotoxicity in both insects and humans. Representative chemical structures here.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Organotin[/FONT]
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Tin-containing compounds with an organic moiety bound directly to tin. These compounds are generally extremely acutely toxic and are also known to be endocrine disruptors. Examples are tributyltin or triphenyltin salts.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Other carbamate[/FONT]
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Compounds (mostly insecticides) with an amide functional group with substituents besides methyl groups. Many of these carbamates are mild cholinesterase inhibitors which cause neurotoxicity in both insects and humans. Representative chemical structure here.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Petroleum derivative[/FONT]
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Compounds derived from crude oil through a distillation process. Frequently used as solvents, adjuvants, and insecticides. Depending on the level of refinement, petroleum derivatives often contain carcinogenic substances.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Pheromone[/FONT]
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Insect sex-attractant hormones used to disrupt mating. These compounds are used in very small quantities and are very selective for a particular insect species. Their chemical structure is typically a long-chain alcohol, aldehyde or ester with at least one double bond. Representative chemical structures here. Cornell University hosts an excellent web site on pheromones. [/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Phosphonoglycine[/FONT]
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Herbicidal organophosphorus compound. These compounds inhibit a plant-specific enzyme and have low acute toxicity to mammals. Glyphosate and its salts and esters (active ingredients in Roundup products) belong to this class of compounds. Representative structure here.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Pyrazole[/FONT]
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A relatively new class of insecticide that is persistent in the environment and may pose substantial ecological risks. Chlorfenapyr (Pirate) is an example. Representative chemical structure here.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Pyrethroid[/FONT]
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Synthetic insecticides (typically cyclopropane carboxylates) structurally similar to pyrethrins, which are naturally occurring insecticidal compounds. Many pyrethroids are suspected endocrine disruptors. Representative chemical structures here.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Pyridinecarboxylic acid[/FONT]
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Herbicidal compounds with low acute toxicity. Representative chemical structure here.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Quaternary ammonium[/FONT]
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Ammonium salts with four alkyl or aryl groups, typically used as microbiocides or algaecides. Representative chemical structure here.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Silicone[/FONT]
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Synthetic oils with a silicon-oxygen backbone. Used as antifoaming agents and emulsifiers.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Soap[/FONT]
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Compounds with surfactant or detergent properties. Used as insecticides and adjuvants.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Substituted benzene[/FONT]
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Fungicidal compounds with a benzene ring substituted with various substituents. Some of these compounds are very toxic wood preservatives such as pentachloro-nitrobenzene (PCNB) and hexachlorobenzene. Representative chemical structure here. [/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Sulfonyl urea[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]
Herbicidal compounds with a urea functional group having a sulfonyl substituent. Frequently found as groundwater contaminants. Bensulfuron-methyl and rimsulfuron are examples. Representative chemical structure here. [/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Thiocarbamate[/FONT]
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Typically herbicides with a carbamate structure where sulfur replaces one of the oxygens in the amide functional group. Examples are cycloate, butylate, and molinate. These compounds are weak cholinesterase inhibitors. Representative chemical structure here.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Triazine[/FONT]
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Typically herbicides or microbiocides containing a triazine ring. Frequently found in groundwater, along with their transformation products. Representative chemical structure here.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Uracil[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]
Herbicidal compounds derived from uracil. Frequently found as groundwater contaminants. Bromacil and terbacil are examples. Representative chemical structure here.[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, Times, serif]Urea[/FONT]
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Herbicidal compounds with a urea functional group. Frequently found as groundwater contaminants. Diuron and linuron are examples. Some of these compounds are carcinogenic. Representative chemical structures here.[/FONT]
